Google Earth Flight Simulator Keyboard Controls

Command	Keystroke(s)	Result or Comment
Exit flight simulator	CTRL + Alt + A, Escape	Exits flight simulator mode.
Open flight simulator options	CTRL + Alt + A	Opens the flight simulator dialog box.
Rotate pilot viewpoint	Arrow keys + Alt (slow) or CTRL (fast)	Moves the viewpoint in the direction of the arrow.
Display flight simulator help	CTRL + H	Opens this flight simulator keyboard commands page.
Increase thrust	Page Up	-
Reduce thrust	Page Down	-
Aileron left	Left arrow	-
Aileron right	Right arrow	-
Elevator push	Up arrow	-
Elevator pull	Down arrow	-
Rudder left	Insert	-
Rudder right	Enter (numeric keypad)	-
Rudder left	Shift + left arrow	-
Rudder right	Shift + right arrow	-
Elevator trim nose down	Home	-
Elevator trim nose up	End	-
Elevator trim nose down	Shift + up arrow	-
Elevator trim nose up	Shift + down arrow	-
Reduce flap setting	Left bracket	-
Increase flap setting	Right bracket	-
Reduce flap setting	Shift + F	-
Increase flap setting	F	-
Center aileron and rudder	5	-
Center aileron and rudder	C	-
Extend/retract landing gear	G	Only works if landing gear is retractable on current aircraft
Left wheel brake	, (comma)	-
Right wheel brake	. (period)	-
Pause simulation	Space	-
Toggle HUD	H

https://support.google.com/earth/answer/148092?hl=en

Prefix, Root, Suffix

		Lat N		Long W
City/Town	Occupied	°	'	°	'
Boston	347,619	42	19.3	71	5.3
Worcester	86,714	42	16.1	71	48.2
Cambridge	62,368	42	22.4	71	6.6
Springfield	57,858	42	6.7	72	32.8
Quincy	51,705	42	15.6	71	0.4
Lowell	51,461	42	38.4	71	18.9
Somerville	49,216	42	23.4	71	6.2
Newton	45,527	42	20.3	71	12.6
Lynn	45,158	42	28.4	70	57.3
Brockton	44,225	42	5.0	71	1.3
New Bedford	42,952	41	39.1	70	56.0
Framingham	38,704	42	18.0	71	25.6
Fall River	37,026	41	41.9	71	8.8
Waltham	36,040	42	22.8	71	14.1
Haverhill	32,779	42	46.7	71	5.1
Medford	32,686	42	25.2	71	6.5
Malden	32,311	42	25.7	71	3.6
Lawrence	32,249	42	42.2	71	9.8
Brookline	32,186	42	19.8	71	8.0
Plymouth	29,647	41	57.4	70	40.0
Weymouth	29,370	42	12.4	70	56.8
Taunton	27,964	41	54.1	71	5.6
Revere	27,665	42	25.0	71	0.3
Peabody	27,659	42	32.0	70	57.7
Chicopee	25,699	42	10.2	72	35.3
Arlington	25,311	42	25.1	71	9.9
Methuen	25,015	42	43.8	71	10.8
Barnstable	24,555	41	39.5	70	21.2
Everett	23,420
Attleborough	23,243
Marlborough	22,779
Salem	22,739
Billerica	22,207
Woburn	21,955
Beverly	21,900
Pittsfield	21,608
Leominster	20,658
Watertown	20,359
Westfield	19,748
Natick	19,601
Braintree	19,572
Shrewsbury	19,167
Chelsea	18,413
Fitchburg	18,135
Chelmsford	18,051
Amherst	17,533
Dartmouth	17,516
Franklin	17,135
Andover	17,113
Randolph	16,924
Dracut	16,688
Tewksbury	15,974
Falmouth	15,890
Melrose	15,652
Norwood	15,536
North Attleborough	15,449
Northampton	15,427
Lexington	15,404
Saugus	15,353
Stoughton	15,286
Agawam	15,056
Holyoke	14,973
Danvers	14,900
North Andover	14,879
Gloucester	14,856
Wakefield	14,840
Needham	14,838
Milford	14,825
Marshfield	14,285
Burlington	13,905
West Springfield	13,773
Bridgewater	13,739
Reading	13,631
Milton	13,517
Easton	13,074
Belmont	13,053
Mansfield	13,029
Dedham	12,994
Wellesley	12,910
Wareham	12,827
Walpole	12,588
Wilmington	12,408
Yarmouth	12,278
Stoneham	12,237
Middleborough	12,025
Acton	11,895
Sandwich	11,856
Westford	11,614
Canton	11,294
Bourne	10,840
Marblehead	10,576
Winchester	10,455
Hingham	10,410
Hudson	10,286
Ludlow	10,203
Ashland	10,177
Winthrop	10,069
Norton	10,031
Pembroke	10,011
Westborough	9,985
Holden	9,635
Bellingham	9,617
Sharon	9,582
Grafton	9,578
Amesbury	9,557
Foxborough	9,504
Newburyport	9,504
Rockland	9,364
South Hadley	9,141
Easthampton	9,065
Gardner	8,991
Scituate	8,958
Swansea	8,940
Greenfield	8,918
Auburn	8,913
Sudbury	8,875
Fairhaven	8,871
Nantucket	8,866
Somerset	8,836
Whitman	8,619
Abington	8,601
Northbridge	8,527
North Reading	8,321
East Longmeadow	8,228
Webster	8,210
Concord	8,176
East Bridgewater	8,127
Mashpee	8,003
Belchertown	7,949
Oxford	7,946
Swampscott	7,890
Westport	7,887
Clinton	7,793
Longmeadow	7,769
Hopkinton	7,764
Seekonk	7,644
Millbury	7,626
Northborough	7,595
Southbridge	7,592
Uxbridge	7,558
Ipswich	7,497
Charlton	7,455
Westwood	7,361
Hanover	7,305
Holliston	7,187
Wilbraham	7,178
Duxbury	7,130
Medway	7,042
Bedford	6,896
Raynham	6,859
Dennis	6,773
Lynnfield	6,715
Wayland	6,701
Rehoboth	6,634
Kingston	6,630
Pepperell	6,546
Tyngsborough	6,516
Leicester	6,431
Carver	6,372
Wrentham	6,305
Medfield	6,282
Harwich	6,279
Lakeville	6,107
Dudley	6,042
Maynard	5,973
Lunenburg	5,943
Holbrook	5,842
Hanson	5,828
Palmer	5,798
Groton	5,765
North Adams	5,761
Hull	5,732
Spencer	5,729
Acushnet	5,677
Plainville	5,278
Athol	5,273
Winchendon	5,242
Southborough	5,227
Southwick	5,217
Brewster	5,199
Weston	5,194
Townsend	5,092
Sutton	5,065
Blackstone	5,025
Salisbury	5,024
Freetown	4,983
Norfolk	4,970
Littleton	4,925
Douglas	4,911
Ware	4,908
Norwell	4,876
Sturbridge	4,846
Monson	4,565
Georgetown	4,489
Rutland	4,296
Boxford	4,233
Adams	4,207
Middleton	4,196
Westminster	4,175
Hamilton	4,164
Millis	4,140
Sterling	4,127
Templeton	4,103
Halifax	4,061
Upton	4,045
Groveland	4,026
Cohasset	4,016
Montague	4,003
Ayer	3,886
Lancaster	3,814
Merrimac	3,745
Great Barrington	3,722
Dighton	3,683
Stow	3,675
West Bridgewater	3,599
Newbury	3,537
Dalton	3,525
Granby	3,518
Southampton	3,502
Rockport	3,417
Berkley	3,408
Lee	3,400
Ashburnham	3,393
Orange	3,348
Topsfield	3,302
Rowley	3,261
Mendon	3,123
Williamstown	3,055
Hopedale	3,037
Rochester	3,034
Oak Bluffs	3,021
West Boylston	2,990
Chatham	2,980
Orleans	2,958
Deerfield	2,957
Mattapoisett	2,947
Hadley	2,912
Boxborough	2,834
Hampden	2,828
Shirley	2,818
Bolton	2,810
Barre	2,789
Lincoln	2,772
Edgartown	2,768
Eastham	2,664
Marion	2,647
Tisbury	2,631
Harvard	2,621
Dover	2,617
Manchester	2,589
Paxton	2,560
Avon	2,552
Wenham	2,552
Boylston	2,551
North Brookfield	2,535
Sunderland	2,422
Hubbardston	2,389
Carlisle	2,383
Warren	2,328
West Newbury	2,305
Sherborn	2,169
Brimfield	2,128
Essex	2,123
West Brookfield	2,000
Provincetown	1,963
Nahant	1,927
Sheffield	1,926
Cheshire	1,906
Princeton	1,869
Lenox	1,845
West Tisbury	1,806
Ashby	1,802
Dunstable	1,797
Brookfield	1,782
Lanesborough	1,764
Berlin	1,727
Hatfield	1,707
Millville	1,689
Northfield	1,668
Wellfleet	1,624
Holland	1,543
Plympton	1,531
Hardwick	1,520
Williamsburg	1,374
Truro	1,205
Conway	1,158
East Brookfield	1,152
Bernardston	1,140
Ashfield	1,122
Shelburne	1,114
Huntington	1,112
Leverett	1,067
Hinsdale	1,054
Shutesbury	1,053
Oakham	1,038
Whately	991
Westhampton	976
Russell	955
Colrain	954
Stockbridge	946
Becket	941
Wales	922
Erving	913
Phillipston	907
Buckland	895
Gill	885
Granville	853
Clarksburg	838
New Marlborough	825
West Stockbridge	781
Richmond	775
Otis	773
Egremont	725
Chesterfield	713
Blandford	709
Chester	694
Royalston	683
Pelham	680
Worthington	657
Petersham	651
Goshen	619
Charlemont	605
New Salem	575
Chilmark	568
New Braintree	526
Windsor	519
Peru	499
Montgomery	494
Sandisfield	486
Warwick	481
Leyden	462
Monterey	451
Cummington	444
Wendell	438
Hancock	411
Florida	398
Savoy	388
Heath	351
Middlefield	340
Plainfield	335
Washington	313
Tolland	269
Aquinnah	243
Alford	241
Hawley	200
Tyringham	159
Rowe	148
New Ashford	137
Mount Washington	87
Monroe	70
Gosnold	53

Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS–B) Calculations

The light-millisecond is a unit of distance, equal to 10^-3 (1/1000ths) light-second.

California Institute Of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory Deep Space Network

The Goldstone Planetary Radar uses an X-band transmitter installed on the 70-m DSS-14 antenna at Goldstone. The X-Band parameters are 3.5 cm wavelength; 8560 MHz.



Laser Rangefinder



Laser Designator



List of targeting pods

• Laser spot tracker pods
  
  • Pave Penny
• Laser designator pods
  
  • ATLIS
  • ATLIS II
  • K/PZS-01
  • Loong Eye I
  • Loong Eye II
  • Pave Knife
  • Pave Spike
• FLIR pods
  
  • Blue Sky navigation pod
• FLIR and laser designator pods
  
  • AN/ASQ-228 ATFLIR
  • ASELPOD
  • FILAT
  • K/JDC-01
  • LANTIRN
  • LITENING
  • Lockheed Martin AN/AAS-38 Nite Hawk
  • Lockheed Martin Sniper XR
  • Pave Tack
  • PDLCT
  • STS-55
  • STS-56
  • Thalès Damoclès
  • TIALD
  • WMD-7
  • Sapsan-E
  • T220/E

Speed of Light (miles/second)	Latency - Earth Time Less Probe's Digitally Transmitted Time (Seconds)	Miles Away Or Light-Milliseconds (miles)
1.86 x 105	1.0 x 10-5	1.86
1.86 x 105	2.0 x 10-5	3.72
1.86 x 105	3.0 x 10-5	5.58
1.86 x 105	4.0 x 10-5	7.44
1.86 x 105	5.0 x 10-5	9.30
1.86 x 105	6.0 x 10-5	11.16
1.86 x 105	7.0 x 10-5	13.02
1.86 x 105	8.0 x 10-5	14.88
1.86 x 105	9.0 x 10-5	16.74
1.86 x 105	1.0 x 10-4	18.60
1.86 x 105	1.1 x 10-4	20.46
1.86 x 105	1.2 x 10-4	22.32
1.86 x 105	1.3 x 10-4	24.18
1.86 x 105	1.4 x 10-4	26.04
1.86 x 105	1.5 x 10-4	27.90
1.86 x 105	1.6 x 10-4	29.76
1.86 x 105	1.7 x 10-4	31.62
1.86 x 105	1.8 x 10-4	33.48
1.86 x 105	1.9 x 10-4	35.34
1.86 x 105	2.0 x 10-4	37.20
1.86 x 105	2.1 x 10-4	39.06
1.86 x 105	2.2 x 10-4	40.92
1.86 x 105	2.3 x 10-4	42.78
1.86 x 105	2.4 x 10-4	44.64
1.86 x 105	2.5 x 10-4	46.50
1.86 x 105	2.6 x 10-4	48.36
1.86 x 105	2.7 x 10-4	50.22
1.86 x 105	2.8 x 10-4	52.08
1.86 x 105	2.9 x 10-4	53.94
1.86 x 105	3.0 x 10-4	55.80
1.86 x 105	3.1 x 10-4	57.66
1.86 x 105	3.2 x 10-4	59.52
1.86 x 105	3.3 x 10-4	61.38
1.86 x 105	3.4 x 10-4	63.24
1.86 x 105	3.5 x 10-4	65.10
1.86 x 105	3.6 x 10-4	66.96
1.86 x 105	3.7 x 10-4	68.82
1.86 x 105	3.8 x 10-4	70.68
1.86 x 105	3.9 x 10-4	72.54
1.86 x 105	4.0 x 10-4	74.40
1.86 x 105	4.1 x 10-4	76.26
1.86 x 105	4.2 x 10-4	78.12
1.86 x 105	4.3 x 10-4	79.98
1.86 x 105	4.4 x 10-4	81.84
1.86 x 105	4.5 x 10-4	83.70
1.86 x 105	4.6 x 10-4	85.56
1.86 x 105	4.7 x 10-4	87.42
1.86 x 105	4.8 x 10-4	89.28
1.86 x 105	4.9 x 10-4	91.14

How Many Miles Did A Space Probe Travel From Earth To The Planet Pluto If The Radio Signal Took 4 Hours 25 MinutesTo Arrive?

On July 14, 2015 7:49AM EDT, New Horizons space probe flew 7,800 miles (12,500 km) above the surface of Pluto.

(4.42 hours)(60 minutes/hour)(60 seconds/minute)
= 15,900 seconds

(15,900 seconds)(1.86 x 10⁵ miles/second)
= 2.96 x 10⁹ miles
= 4.76 x 10⁹ km
= 31.8 Astronomical Units

http://www.universetoday.com/119264/how-long-does-it-take-to-get-to-pluto/
http://www.universetoday.com/13891/distance-to-pluto/
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072414944/student_view0/chapter8/exercises.html#

High R-Valued Materials

Material	R-Values
Vacuum insulated panel	30 - 50
Silica aerogel	10
Polyurethane rigid panel (CFC/HCFC expanded) initial	7 - 8
Polyurethane rigid panel (CFC/HCFC expanded) aged 5–10 years	6.25
Polyurethane rigid panel (pentaneexpanded) initial	6.8
Polyurethane rigid panel (pentane expanded) aged 5–10 years	5.5
Foil-faced polyisocyanurate rigid panel (pentane expanded ) initial	6.8
Foil-faced polyisocyanurate rigid panel (pentane expanded) aged 5–10 years	5.5
Polyisocyanurate spray foam	4.3 - 8.3
Closed-cell polyurethane spray foam	5.5 - 6.5
Phenolic spray foam	4.8 - 7
Thinsulate clothing insulation	1.6 - 2.9
Urea-formaldehyde panels	5 - 6
Urea foam	5.25
Extruded expanded polystyrene (XPS) high-density	5 - 5.4
Polystyrene board	5.00
Phenolic rigid panel	4 - 5
Urea-formaldehyde foam	4 - 4.6
High-density fiberglass batts	3.6 - 5
Extruded expanded polystyrene (XPS) low-density	3.6 - 4.7
Icynene loose-fill (pour fill)	4
Molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) high-density	4.2
Home Foam	3.9
Rice hulls	3.0
Fiberglass batts	3.1 - 4.3
Cotton batts (Blue Jean insulation)	3.7
Molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) low-density	3.85
Icynene spray	3.6
Open-cell polyurethane spray foam	3.6
Cardboard	3 - 4
Rock and slag wool batts	3 - 3.85
Cellulose loose-fill	3 - 3.8
Cellulose wet-spray	3 - 3.8
Rock and slag wool loose-fill	2.5 - 3.7
Fiberglass loose-fill	2.5 - 3.7
Polyethylene foam	3
Cementitious foam	2 - 3.9
Perlite loose-fill	2.7
Wood panels, such as sheathing	2.5
Fiberglass rigid panel	2.5
Vermiculite loose-fill	2.13 - 2.4
Vermiculite	2.13
Straw bale	1.45
Papercrete	2.6 - 3.2
Softwood (most)	1.41
Wood chips and other loose-fill wood products	1
Snow	1
Hardwood (most)	0.71
Brick	0.2
Glass	0.14
Poured concrete	0.08

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-value_(insulation)

Filene's Basement Automatic Markdown System

A description of The Basement's markdown system from a 1982 New York Times article:

"... every article is marked with a tag showing the price and the date the article was first put on sale. Twelve days later, if it has not been sold, it is reduced by 25 percent.

Six selling days later, it is cut by 50 percent and after an additional six days, it is offered at 75 percent off the original price.

After six more days — or a total of 30 — if it is not sold, it is given to charity."

In January 2004, the automatic markdown system was changed to require 14 days between each mark-down.

La-La World

Elephant