Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) And The Honda-Fujishima Effect

Titanium Dioxide Has Potential For Use In Energy Production: As A Photocatalyst, It Can Carry Out Hydrolysis; I.E., Break Water Into Hydrogen And Oxygen.

Hybrid Hydrogen

Nanoptek Corp. Article In Cryogas International Journal Feb. 10, 2011

Follow This Link To The Article "Efficient Hybrid Solar Generator" By John M. Guerra. It Was Originally Published In The February 2011 Issue Of Cryogas International (Vol. 49, No. 2).

Nanoptek

The Nanoptek SHG50


The Nanoptek SHG300

Derivatives

Precisionism Negligence - "You Pay For This, But They Give You That!"

Transparency

Taking Low Risk Money And Giving It To High Risk Investors!

Manhattan Scientifics’ Hydrocycle

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bicycles

Fuelcell Schematic

Suzuki Burgman Fuel Cell Scooter

Carbon Capture And Storage (CCS)

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Is A Technology That Turns Coal Into Gas

IGCC Power Plant of GreenGen will be Operational by End of 2011

Tianjin To Build A "Clean Coal" Power Plant

8 Alternative Powered Motorcycles

Intelligent Energy’s Hydrogen-Powered ENV & Suzuki Crosscage Motorcycles

Intelligent Energy 2kW Rated PEM Fuel Cell Power Generator

Intelligent Energy's Fuel Cell Powered System For Manned Flight

A Buyer's Market

If Education Debt Is Greater Than Credit Card Debt, This Means That It Costs More To Learn How To Create A Product Than The Product Itself Costs.


In Other Words, Our Corporations Are Parasitic On The Population And When The People Stop Coming They Will Start Consuming Themselves!


So Bite Thy Tongue!

Polygon Calculus

Divide A Polygon Into 12 Pieces.

The Thickness Of Each Slice Is Proportional To The Radius (10 For Example).

Hence, 10 x SIN(360° / 12) / SIN(90° - (180° / 12)) = 5.17638090205041

Multiply That By 12

12 x 5.17638090205041 = 62.11657082

That Almost Equals The Circle Circumference.

2 x π x 10 = 62.8318530717959

Increase The Number Of Slices To Get A Closer Circumference.

Crimes Against Humanity?

These Rogue Nations Are Trying To Get The United States On-Board To Bailout Carbon Credits That Prevent Damage To The Earth.

Southern Oscillation Index

The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) measures the pressure gradient across the tropical Pacific which, in turn, is an indicator of equatorial wind variations.

When the SOI index reaches low negative values, a strong El Niño (warming of surface water in the eastern equatorial Pacific) is in progress.

High positive values indicate La Niña (cooling of surface water in the eastern equatorial Pacific).

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1876	11.3	11.0	0.2	9.4	6.8	17.2	-5.6	12.3	10.5	-8.0	-2.7	-3.0
1877	-9.7	-6.5	-4.7	-9.6	3.6	-16.8	-10.2	-8.2	-17.2	-16.0	-12.6	-12.6
1878	-8.7	-21.1	-15.5	-8.8	2.1	-3.1	15.9	13.0	17.7	10.9	15.1	17.9
1879	12.7	14.3	13.2	12.7	2.1	16.4	21.8	22.6	18.9	15.2	9.8	-5.5
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1880	10.8	7.7	14.3	5.3	12.3	9.1	1.6	14.3	8.1	4.8	7.2	-1.9
1881	-7.3	-5.5	1.8	0.3	-4.3	-4.7	-5.6	-11.4	-13.6	-23.9	7.2	9.8
1882	-6.8	-1.3	5.1	1.2	6.8	-12.0	-21.3	-25.6	-14.8	-2.5	2.6	10.3
1883	6.0	9.1	-25.3	14.4	13.9	3.4	-10.2	1.4	-8.2	4.8	5.2	-15.2
1884	-12.5	-5.0	9.4	-15.4	1.3	9.1	-3.0	-5.0	-7.0	4.2	-1.4	-12.6
1885	-16.3	1.6	5.1	-0.5	-4.3	-14.4	-5.0	-9.5	-4.0	-17.8	-15.9	5.2
1886	-0.6	1.6	2.9	4.5	6.0	5.0	7.4	13.6	13.5	13.4	10.5	14.4
1887	12.2	11.0	10.0	9.4	-4.3	5.0	4.8	4.6	5.1	4.8	-5.3	5.2
1888	-3.0	-2.2	-11.7	-23.6	-9.8	-16.0	-16.7	-8.9	-9.4	-14.7	-12.6	-2.4
1889	-25.9	-1.7	-27.5	-0.5	-1.9	22.0	1.6	2.1	11.1	4.2	23.0	22.0
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1890	20.8	11.0	14.3	6.9	3.6	5.8	-2.3	-3.1	9.3	3.6	2.6	0.6
1891	15.6	-3.6	-9.5	4.5	-0.3	-1.5	-6.3	-8.9	-10.6	0.6	-4.7	-4.5
1892	2.7	-10.2	11.1	6.9	10.0	19.6	7.4	5.9	6.3	8.5	-0.7	3.7
1893	11.3	7.7	-1.4	1.2	-3.5	10.7	14.0	7.8	5.7	7.9	2.6	1.6
1894	17.5	10.0	5.6	-3.0	-5.1	-1.5	-2.3	-5.7	-1.6	1.8	7.2	0.1
1895	5.6	3.0	-0.3	-7.1	-8.2	-4.7	-0.4	-6.3	-4.0	-5.6	-8.6	-3.5
1896	1.3	4.9	-6.3	-8.8	-42.2	-30.6	-20.6	-22.4	-19.0	-19.0	-11.9	-14.2
1897	-12.5	-7.4	-16.6	-17.8	-16.9	0.2	-2.3	0.8	0.2	1.8	-8.0	10.3
1898	7.0	6.3	19.2	11.1	-1.9	-2.3	6.1	2.1	3.2	-0.7	-2.7	-0.4
1899	13.2	9.1	13.8	4.5	-7.4	-10.4	-5.6	-10.1	-1.6	6.1	15.8	-3.0
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1900	-7.3	-6.5	-25.3	-18.7	-7.4	26.1	10.0	7.8	-16.6	-17.2	-6.0	-5.5
1901	-0.1	3.0	9.4	4.5	-0.3	19.6	14.6	9.8	-16.0	-22.1	-8.6	-1.9
1902	17.0	-2.2	11.6	7.8	7.6	2.6	1.6	-8.9	-17.8	-7.4	-3.4	-3.0
1903	-9.2	-10.2	17.6	17.7	7.6	-0.6	6.1	0.1	8.7	4.2	1.3	15.9
1904	14.1	16.2	9.4	31.7	9.2	-7.1	-8.9	0.8	0.2	1.2	-17.2	2.6
1905	-9.2	-16.8	-30.2	-42.6	-37.4	-31.4	-21.3	-7.6	-7.0	-5.6	-17.9	-13.1
1906	-3.5	-7.4	-5.2	-8.8	1.3	-3.9	6.8	15.5	18.3	9.1	21.7	4.7
1907	5.1	1.6	-0.3	4.5	10.0	8.3	-4.3	-8.2	0.2	0.6	-2.0	8.8
1908	-10.6	7.7	0.2	16.8	-1.1	-2.3	2.2	5.3	17.7	7.9	2.6	-5.5
1909	-2.5	-3.2	-0.3	-14.5	2.1	22.8	10.7	9.8	0.8	4.2	9.2	4.7
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1910	5.6	15.2	12.7	5.3	0.5	22.0	20.5	9.8	15.3	10.3	19.7	15.9
1911	3.2	1.6	3.5	2.0	-8.2	-12.0	-12.8	-12.1	-8.8	-11.7	-7.3	-1.4
1912	-9.7	-17.3	-9.0	-21.1	-13.0	-6.3	-0.4	-7.6	-4.0	-8.0	2.6	-8.0
1913	-3.5	-5.0	1.3	-6.3	-8.2	-3.9	-1.7	-7.6	-9.4	-9.2	-11.9	-7.0
1914	-5.4	2.0	9.4	-14.5	-0.3	-16.8	-18.0	-17.2	-12.4	-8.6	-11.9	-1.4
1915	-21.6	-2.2	-20.4	-17.8	-12.2	6.6	14.0	7.2	7.5	2.4	-14.6	9.8
1916	5.6	-3.6	-6.3	-0.5	6.8	9.1	25.7	16.2	4.5	6.1	9.8	15.4
1917	5.1	10.0	18.1	21.8	21.8	21.2	28.3	34.8	29.7	15.2	21.0	22.5
1918	14.6	16.6	-2.0	16.8	10.0	-4.7	-14.1	-4.4	-8.2	-5.0	1.3	-8.0
1919	-14.9	-11.2	-12.8	-3.0	-7.4	-10.4	-8.9	-6.9	-5.8	-10.5	-11.3	-9.1
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1920	1.8	-1.7	-4.1	0.3	-2.7	6.6	9.4	5.3	5.1	-4.3	-0.1	9.8
1921	10.8	6.7	8.9	-7.1	2.1	22.0	2.9	-6.9	5.1	9.7	8.5	8.2
1922	8.0	9.1	5.6	-5.5	-5.1	5.8	2.2	-1.2	5.1	6.1	8.5	11.8
1923	5.6	4.4	8.9	8.6	2.1	1.0	-11.5	-18.5	-14.8	-6.2	-12.6	2.1
1924	-5.4	1.1	2.4	-15.4	11.5	8.3	7.4	10.4	8.1	7.9	11.8	5.2
1925	5.6	13.8	14.9	14.4	-1.1	-4.7	-13.4	-10.8	-6.4	-12.9	-9.3	-7.0
1926	-5.4	-14.5	-13.3	-7.1	-2.7	-7.1	-1.0	-7.6	1.4	4.2	1.3	6.2
1927	5.1	1.1	18.1	6.9	6.0	8.3	6.1	-5.0	-0.4	-4.3	-8.0	7.7
1928	-10.1	10.5	13.8	11.9	-2.7	-7.9	-0.4	9.8	8.1	9.1	2.6	11.8
1929	16.0	18.0	5.1	4.5	-12.2	1.0	1.6	0.1	-0.4	7.9	11.1	5.7
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1930	12.7	7.7	1.8	-3.8	2.1	-5.5	-4.3	-1.8	-7.0	3.6	1.9	-1.4
1931	7.0	-14.9	5.6	8.6	13.1	18.8	9.4	0.1	5.1	-12.9	-4.7	4.7
1932	1.8	-3.6	-2.5	-2.1	2.8	-4.7	-5.0	-6.9	-8.8	-4.3	-4.7	3.2
1933	-11.1	4.9	-2.0	3.6	6.0	-3.9	3.5	-0.5	2.0	3.6	7.2	8.2
1934	6.5	0.1	0.2	6.1	-7.4	10.7	2.9	-22.4	-6.4	4.2	13.1	-2.4
1935	6.5	-4.6	12.2	2.8	-6.6	-2.3	-0.4	2.1	6.3	7.3	3.9	-4.0
1936	-2.0	0.6	1.8	22.6	4.4	-1.5	4.2	-8.9	2.6	-0.1	-13.9	0.6
1937	9.4	-5.0	6.2	2.0	-0.3	3.4	-5.6	3.3	0.8	-2.5	-2.0	6.7
1938	7.5	3.4	-3.6	3.6	13.1	18.0	18.5	13.0	7.5	12.8	1.9	13.8
1939	17.0	7.7	11.6	9.4	-1.1	-1.5	8.1	-0.5	-9.4	-14.7	-8.0	-8.6
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1940	-0.1	-4.1	-10.6	-9.6	-14.5	-19.3	-15.4	-18.5	-19.6	-18.4	-6.7	-29.4
1941	-9.7	-15.4	-10.6	-11.2	-6.6	-14.4	-20.6	-19.1	-8.2	-20.2	-9.3	-8.6
1942	-13.0	-3.6	-5.8	-5.5	5.2	8.3	-1.0	4.0	8.7	8.5	-4.0	13.8
1943	9.4	10.5	4.0	13.5	2.8	-7.9	2.9	7.8	5.7	9.1	3.9	-8.6
1944	-8.2	3.9	5.6	-5.5	-1.1	-3.9	-8.9	3.3	2.6	-8.6	-6.7	4.2
1945	5.1	6.3	13.2	-7.1	-0.3	8.3	3.5	11.7	8.7	2.4	-3.4	6.7
1946	-2.5	4.4	-2.0	-9.6	-11.4	-9.6	-10.2	-4.4	-16.0	-12.3	-1.4	-5.5
1947	-4.9	-4.1	11.6	-4.6	-13.7	2.6	9.4	7.2	11.7	-1.9	9.2	5.2
1948	-3.0	-2.7	-4.1	2.8	3.6	-4.7	0.9	-4.4	-7.6	6.1	4.6	-5.5
1949	-7.3	2.0	5.6	1.2	-5.8	-12.0	-1.7	-4.4	2.0	5.4	-6.0	7.7
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1950	5.1	17.6	17.6	16.8	7.6	26.9	21.1	12.3	6.9	17.1	12.5	23.0
1951	16.5	9.6	-1.4	-1.3	-6.6	5.0	-8.2	-0.5	-7.0	-8.0	-3.4	-3.0
1952	-9.2	-7.9	0.2	-8.8	6.0	7.4	3.5	-3.7	-3.4	1.8	-0.7	-12.6
1953	2.2	-6.0	-5.8	-0.5	-31.9	-2.3	-1.0	-17.2	-13.0	-0.1	-2.0	-4.0
1954	6.0	-3.6	-0.9	6.9	4.4	-1.5	4.2	10.4	4.5	1.8	3.9	12.8
1955	-5.4	15.2	2.9	-3.0	13.1	16.4	19.2	14.9	14.1	15.2	15.1	9.3
1956	11.3	12.4	9.4	11.1	17.9	12.3	12.6	11.0	0.2	18.3	1.9	10.3
1957	5.6	-2.2	-0.9	1.2	-12.2	-2.3	0.9	-9.5	-10.6	-1.3	-11.9	-3.5
1958	-16.8	-6.9	-1.4	1.2	-8.2	0.2	2.2	7.8	-3.4	-1.9	-4.7	-6.5
1959	-8.7	-14.0	8.4	3.6	2.8	-6.3	-5.0	-5.0	0.2	4.2	11.1	8.2
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1960	0.3	-2.2	5.6	7.8	5.2	-2.3	4.8	6.6	6.9	-0.7	7.2	6.7
1961	-2.5	6.3	-20.9	9.4	1.3	-3.1	2.2	0.1	0.8	-5.0	7.2	13.8
1962	17.0	5.3	-1.4	1.2	12.3	5.0	-0.4	4.6	5.1	10.3	5.2	0.6
1963	9.4	3.0	7.3	6.1	2.8	-9.6	-1.0	-2.4	-5.2	-12.9	-9.3	-11.6
1964	-4.0	-0.3	8.4	13.5	2.8	7.4	6.8	14.3	14.1	12.8	2.6	-3.0
1965	-4.0	1.6	2.9	-12.9	-0.3	-12.8	-22.6	-11.4	-14.2	-11.1	-17.9	1.6
1966	-12.0	-4.1	-13.9	-7.1	-9.0	1.0	-1.0	4.0	-2.2	-2.5	-0.1	-4.0
1967	14.6	12.9	7.8	-3.0	-3.5	6.6	1.6	5.9	5.1	-0.1	-4.0	-5.5
1968	4.1	9.6	-3.0	-3.0	14.7	12.3	7.4	0.1	-2.8	-1.9	-3.4	2.1
1969	-13.5	-6.9	1.8	-8.8	-6.6	-0.6	-6.9	-4.4	-10.6	-11.7	-0.1	3.7
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1970	-10.1	-10.7	1.8	-4.6	2.1	9.9	-5.6	4.0	12.9	10.3	19.7	17.4
1971	2.7	15.7	19.2	22.6	9.2	2.6	1.6	14.9	15.9	17.7	7.2	2.1
1972	3.7	8.2	2.4	-5.5	-16.1	-12.0	-18.6	-8.9	-14.8	-11.1	-3.4	-12.1
1973	-3.0	-13.5	0.8	-2.1	2.8	12.3	6.1	12.3	13.5	9.7	31.6	16.9
1974	20.8	16.2	20.3	11.1	10.7	2.6	12.0	6.6	12.3	8.5	-1.4	-0.9
1975	-4.9	5.3	11.6	14.4	6.0	15.5	21.1	20.7	22.5	17.7	13.8	19.5
1976	11.8	12.9	13.2	1.2	2.1	0.2	-12.8	-12.1	-13.0	3.0	9.8	-3.0
1977	-4.0	7.7	-9.5	-9.6	-11.4	-17.7	-14.7	-12.1	-9.4	-12.9	-14.6	-10.6
1978	-3.0	-24.4	-5.8	-7.9	16.3	5.8	6.1	1.4	0.8	-6.2	-2.0	-0.9
1979	-4.0	6.7	-3.0	-5.5	3.6	5.8	-8.2	-5.0	1.4	-2.5	-4.7	-7.5
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1980	3.2	1.1	-8.5	-12.9	-3.5	-4.7	-1.7	1.4	-5.2	-1.9	-3.4	-0.9
1981	2.7	-3.2	-16.6	-5.5	7.6	11.5	9.4	5.9	7.5	-5.0	2.6	4.7
1982	9.4	0.6	2.4	-3.8	-8.2	-20.1	-19.3	-23.6	-21.4	-20.2	-31.1	-21.3
1983	-30.6	-33.3	-28.0	-17.0	6.0	-3.1	-7.6	0.1	9.9	4.2	-0.7	0.1
1984	1.3	5.8	-5.8	2.0	-0.3	-8.7	2.2	2.7	2.0	-5.0	3.9	-1.4
1985	-3.5	6.7	-2.0	14.4	2.8	-9.6	-2.3	8.5	0.2	-5.6	-1.4	2.1
1986	8.0	-10.7	0.8	1.2	-6.6	10.7	2.2	-7.6	-5.2	6.1	-13.9	-13.6
1987	-6.3	-12.6	-16.6	-24.4	-21.6	-20.1	-18.6	-14.0	-11.2	-5.6	-1.4	-4.5
1988	-1.1	-5.0	2.4	-1.3	10.0	-3.9	11.3	14.9	20.1	14.6	21.0	10.8
1989	13.2	9.1	6.7	21.0	14.7	7.4	9.4	-6.3	5.7	7.3	-2.0	-5.0
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1990	-1.1	-17.3	-8.5	-0.5	13.1	1.0	5.5	-5.0	-7.6	1.8	-5.3	-2.4
1991	5.1	0.6	-10.6	-12.9	-19.3	-5.5	-1.7	-7.6	-16.6	-12.9	-7.3	-16.7
1992	-25.4	-9.3	-24.2	-18.7	0.5	-12.8	-6.9	1.4	0.8	-17.2	-7.3	-5.5
1993	-8.2	-7.9	-8.5	-21.1	-8.2	-16.0	-10.8	-14.0	-7.6	-13.5	0.6	1.6
1994	-1.6	0.6	-10.6	-22.8	-13.0	-10.4	-18.0	-17.2	-17.2	-14.1	-7.3	-11.6
1995	-4.0	-2.7	3.5	-16.2	-9.0	-1.5	4.2	0.8	3.2	-1.3	1.3	-5.5
1996	8.4	1.1	6.2	7.8	1.3	13.9	6.8	4.6	6.9	4.2	-0.1	7.2
1997	4.1	13.3	-8.5	-16.2	-22.4	-24.1	-9.5	-19.8	-14.8	-17.8	-15.2	-9.1
1998	-23.5	-19.2	-28.5	-24.4	0.5	9.9	14.6	9.8	11.1	10.9	12.5	13.3
1999	15.6	8.6	8.9	18.5	1.3	1.0	4.8	2.1	-0.4	9.1	13.1	12.8
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
2000	5.1	12.9	9.4	16.8	3.6	-5.5	-3.7	5.3	9.9	9.7	22.4	7.7
2001	8.9	11.9	6.7	0.3	-9.0	1.8	-3.0	-8.9	1.4	-1.9	7.2	-9.1
2002	2.7	7.7	-5.2	-3.8	-14.5	-6.3	-7.6	-14.6	-7.6	-7.4	-6.0	-10.6
2003	-2.0	-7.4	-6.8	-5.5	-7.4	-12.0	2.9	-1.8	-2.2	-1.9	-3.4	9.8
2004	-11.6	8.6	0.2	-15.4	13.1	-14.4	-6.9	-7.6	-2.8	-3.7	-9.3	-8.0
2005	1.8	-29.1	0.2	-11.2	-14.5	2.6	0.9	-6.9	3.9	10.9	-2.7	0.6
2006	12.7	0.1	13.8	15.2	-9.8	-5.5	-8.9	-15.9	-5.1	-15.3	-1.4	-3.0
2007	-7.3	-2.7	-1.4	-3.0	-2.7	5.0	-4.3	2.7	1.5	5.4	9.8	14.4
2008	14.1	21.3	12.2	4.5	-4.3	5.0	2.2	9.1	14.1	13.4	17.1	13.3
2009	9.4	14.8	0.2	8.6	-5.1	-2.3	1.6	-5.0	3.9	-14.7	-6.7	-7.0
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
2010	-10.1	-14.5	-10.6	15.2	10.0	1.8	20.5	18.8	25.0	18.3	16.4	27.1
2011	19.9	22.3	21.4	25.1	2.1	0.2	10.7	2.1	11.7	7.3	13.8	23.0
2012	9.4	2.5	2.9

Word Change Campaign

Changing Word Names such As "Do You Soy?", For Example As If Asking "So, You Eat Soy Beans?" Is In Direct Conflagration By Straight People To Alienate Gay People Who Want Same-Sex Marriage In The Campaign To Restrict Marriage To That Between A Man And A Woman!
Divorce Is Not Illegal, But In God's Eyes, It's A Sin!

Someone Doing Everything At Least Once, According To Scriptures As A Natural Progression Of Personal Experience

A Pilgrimage To The Ganges Assures That The Entire World's Water Will Be Spiritually Lifted By Man At Least Once During The Earth's Vastness Of Time.

When Your Time Becomes My Time

More formally, the slack time for a process is defined as:

where is the process deadline, is the real time since the cycle start, and is the remaining computation time.

A Project That Has A Deadline At 10:00PM And Started At 2:00PM, Which Actually Ends An Hour Later, Costs: (10 - 2) - 1 = 7 Hours.

In Other Words, For Every Hour Past The Deadline, Take One Hour Off Your Time!

(See Scheduling Algorithms: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_algorithm)

As With Chocolate Covered Strawberries: From The People With The Most Slack To The People With The Least Slack, The Bronze Age Was Just A Veneer!

Free Market Cares Only About Efficiency And Not Fairness

"WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - A Purdue University researcher has used "econophysics" to show that under ideal circumstances free markets promote fair salaries for workers and do not support CEO compensation practices common today.

The research presents a new perspective on 18th century economist Adam Smith's concept that an "invisible hand" drives a free market economy to a collective good.

"It is generally believed that the free market cares only about efficiency and not fairness. However, my theory shows that even though companies focus primarily on making profits and individuals are only looking out for themselves, the collective self-organizing free market dynamics, under ideal conditions, leads to fairness as an emergent property," said Venkat Venkatasubramanian, a professor of chemical engineering. "In reality, the self-correcting free market mechanisms have broken down for CEOs and other top executives in the market, but they seem to be working fine for the remaining 95 percent of employees."

Venkatasubramanian is proposing the use of statistical mechanics and econophysics concepts to gain some insights into the problem.

"This is at the intersection of physics and economics," he said. "We are generalizing concepts from statistical thermodynamics - the branch of physics that describes the behavior of gases, liquids and solids under heat - to analyze how free markets should perform ideally."

In previous work, Venkatasubramanian used the approach to determine that the 2008 salaries of the top 35 CEOs in the United States were about 129 times their ideal fair salaries - and CEOs in the Standard & Poor's 500 averaged about 50 times their fair pay - raising questions about the effectiveness of the free market to properly determine CEO pay.

In the new work, the researcher has determined that fairness is integral to a normally functioning free market economy.

Findings are detailed in a research paper that appeared in June in the online journal Entropy and is available at http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/12/6/1514/

A key idea in Venkatasubramanian's theory is a new interpretation of entropy, used in science to measure disorder in thermodynamics and uncertainty in information theory. He shows, however, that entropy also is a measure of fairness, an insight that seems to have been largely missed over the years, he said.

"Venkat's insight goes beyond the simple grafting of the mathematics of information theory and statistical physics onto the question of fairness of salary distributions within a free market economy," said Andrew Hirsch, a Purdue physics professor familiar with the research. "He has recast the notion of entropy into a context that has meaning and relevance for this particular problem."

Venkatasubramanian calls his new theory, "statistical teleodynamics," from the Greek telos, which means goal-driven.

"In statistical thermodynamics, we study the movement of large numbers of molecules," Venkatasubramanian said. "In economic systems, we have a large number of people moving around in a free market system, but instead of thermal energy driving the movement people are motivated by goals."

His theory describes how goal-driven "rational agents," or people, will behave in a free market economic environment under ideal conditions.

"The bottom line is that the free market does care about fairness," he said. "Clearly, the next step is to conduct more comprehensive studies of salary distributions in various organizations and sectors in order to understand in greater detail the deviations in the real world from the ideal, fairness maximizing, free market for labor."

Writer: Emil Venere, 765-494-4709, venere@purdue.edu

Risk Pays!, But Everything Counts In Large Amounts!

more important to take care of your kids than wonder how I care

Three from heaven!

A Square Mile For Missing!

What Did 50% Of The Vote Want, Obama?

more more more, how do you like it, how do you like it?

Wallstreet Doesn't Have A 1(a), 2(b), or 3(c) Contingency Plan.

With His Stick He Said Poignantly, Now Do It Differently!

"I'll Have What She's Having" Or Bacteria Quorum Sensing

Flock-Blob-Alien, We Know You're In There, Come Out With Your Hands Up!

Life Is Sustainable?

I'm An Individual And You're A Flock, So Get Off My Back!

Equal In The Workplace?

Justifying A New One By Breaking An Old One, Men Build It Up And Women Knock It Down!

Rating Of Electrical Appliances

Generally electrical appliances such as an electric bulb, geyser, heater, etc. are rated with power and voltage. If a bulb is rated 100W - 250V, it means that when a bulb is lit on a 250V supply, it consumes 100 W of electric power. This means that, 100 J of electrical energy gets converted into heat and light energy in 1 second.

From this rating we can calculate the resistance of the filament of the appliance while it is glowing and also the current which flows through it.


For the bulb rated as 100 W - 250 V, the resistance of its filament

The resistance of the filament of a bulb is much less than this value when it is not lit because the resistance of a filament increases with the increasing temperature.

Why The Neighborhood Has No Peace

Every Time Someone Moves, A Real Estate Agent Makes A Commission!

Seed Pre-treatments

No pre-treatment

Agastache, Agavaceae, Aloinopsis, Antimima, Arbutus, Artemisia, Aster, Bouvardia, Buddleia, Calandrinia, Calylophus, Calyptridium, Centaurium, Cerastium, Chamaebatiaria, Chamaechaenactis, Chilopsis, Clementsia, Crassula, Delosperma, Dianthus, Dracocephalum, Dudleya, Enceliopsis, Ephedra, Erigeron, Haplopappus, Heuchera, Houstonia, Hymenoxys, Lepidium, Leucophyllum, Ligularia, Mimulus, Monarda, Monardella, Oenothera, Origanum, Penstemon hallii, P. harbourii, P. clutei, Petrophyton, Physaria, Potentilla, Ramonda, Salvia, Sedum, Silene, Talinum, Townsendia, Yucca, Zauschneria, Zinnia.

Stratification (Artificial Winter Or Cold/Damp Storage)

Abronia, Acaena, Adenophora, Aethionema, Akebia, Allium, Amsonia, Androsace, Anemone, Anemonopsis, Angelica, Antennaria, Apiaceae, Aquilegia, Arabis, Arctomecon, Arenaria, Argemone, Arisaema, Asarum, Asclepias, Asyneuma, Balsamorhiza, Berberis, Calochortus, Caltha, Camassia, Campanula, Cardiocrinum, most Cactaceae, Castilleja, Cercocarpus, Chaenactis, Chimaphila, Chionophila, Claytonia, Clematis, Collomia, Corydalis, Cryptantha, Cusickiella, Cymopterus, Delphinium, Dicentra, Dodecatheon, Douglasia, Draba, Echinacea, Eriogonum, Eritrichium, Erysimum, Erythronium, Fraxinus, Fritillaria, Gentiana, Gilia, Hulsea, Ipomopsis, Iridaceae, Kelseya, Leptodactylon, Lesquerella, Lewisia, Lilium, Linum, Mertensia, Paeonia, Parrya, most Penstemon spp., Phlox, Polemonium, Primula, Pulsatilla, Salvia, Saponaria, Saxifraga,Scutellaria, Stachys, Synthyris, Trollius, Veronica, Viola.

Scarification (Pour 165°F Water Over Seed And Let Stand Over Night Until Plump)

Amorpha, Arctostaphylos*, Astragalus, Baptisia, Caesalpinia, Callirhoe*, Caragana, Cassia, Ceanothus*, Cercis*, Dalea, Iliamna, Ipomoea, Lathyrus, Leucocrinum*, Lupinus, Sphaeralcea, Sophora, Oxytropis, Pelargonium, Trifolium.
Note: an asterisk (*) following indicates the need for stratification as well.

Do It Yourself Solar Panel Help - Tutorials, Calculators And Design Tools For Solar Power

Solar Charge Controllers

Morningstar PS-15M ProStar 15 Amp 12/24 Volt PWM Charge Controller Includes Digital Meter




Morningstar's ProStar is the world's leading mid-range solar controller for both professional and consumer applications. This controller adds new features and protections using highly advanced technology, provides longer battery life and improved system performance, and sets new standards for reliability and self-diagnostics. Morningstar's patented PWM battery charging has been further optimized. In addition, the Digital Display meter reads values directly from the micro-controller which ensures a very accurate voltage and current measurement. ProStar 15M provides for longer battery life and improved system performance

Features:

Solar Current: 15 Amps

Load Current: 15A

Voltage: 12/24V

Min. voltage to operate: 8V

Accuracy: 40mV

Has Digital Meter

What Comes Standard for ProStar Controllers:

Estimated 15 year life

PWM series battery charging (not shunt)

3-position battery select: gel, sealed or flooded

Very accurate control and measurement

Jumper to eliminate telecom noise

Parallel for up to 300 amps

Temperature compensation

Tropicalization: conformal coating, stainless steel fasteners & anodized aluminum heat sink

No switching or measurement in the grounded leg

100% solid state

Very low voltage drops

Current compensated low voltage disconnect (LVD)

LEDs indicate system status and various faults

Capable of 25% overloads

Remote battery voltage sense terminals

Blue Sky SB1524iX 15 Amp 24 Volt MPPT Charge Controller

Yearly Average of the Dow Jones Industrial Average

1896	36.89
1897	45.36	22.98%
1898	52.39	15.49%
1899	70.96	35.44%
1900	61.08	-13.93%
1901	69.52	13.82%
1902	65.13	-6.31%
1903	55.76	-14.39%
1904	54.22	-2.76%
1905	79.60	46.81%
1906	94.39	18.58%
1907	75.98	-19.50%
1908	74.82	-1.53%
1909	92.49	23.62%
1910	85.42	-7.65%
1911	82.31	-3.63%
1912	88.35	7.33%
1913	79.48	-10.04%
1914	78.80	-0.85%
1915	74.46	-5.51%
1916	95.32	28.01%
1917	87.91	-7.77%
1918	81.02	-7.84%
1919	99.78	23.16%
1920	90.20	-9.60%
1921	73.47	-18.55%
1922	93.24	26.91%
1923	94.86	1.74%
1924	99.67	5.06%
1925	134.48	34.93%
1926	153.03	13.80%
1927	176.03	15.03%
1928	226.02	28.40%
1929	313.54	38.72%
1930	236.04	-24.72%
1931	138.97	-41.12%
1932	64.47	-53.61%
1933	84.43	30.95%
1934	98.13	16.23%
1935	120.35	22.64%
1936	162.07	34.67%
1937	166.43	2.69%
1938	132.46	-20.41%
1939	142.54	7.61%
1940	134.64	-5.54%
1941	121.93	-9.44%
1942	107.06	-12.19%
1943	134.92	26.02%
1944	143.33	6.23%
1945	169.45	18.23%
1946	191.47	12.99%
1947	177.55	-7.27%
1948	179.79	1.26%
1949	179.77	-0.01%
1950	216.28	20.31%
1951	257.39	19.01%
1952	270.35	5.03%
1953	275.84	2.03%
1954	334.34	21.21%
1955	442.69	32.41%
1956	493.21	11.41%
1957	476.07	-3.48%
1958	491.26	3.19%
1959	632.57	28.77%
1960	618.02	-2.30%
1961	691.74	11.93%
1962	639.14	-7.60%
1963	714.69	11.82%
1964	834.09	16.71%
1965	910.70	9.19%
1966	872.78	-4.16%
1967	879.48	0.77%
1968	903.96	2.78%
1969	875.72	-3.12%
1970	753.12	-14.00%
1971	884.87	17.49%
1972	950.12	7.37%
1973	924.07	-2.74%
1974	759.13	-17.85%
1975	802.89	5.76%
1976	975.20	21.46%
1977	894.33	-8.29%
1978	821.13	-8.18%
1979	844.40	2.83%
1980	891.14	5.54%
1981	932.95	4.69%
1982	884.53	-5.19%
1983	1190.78	34.62%
1984	1178.55	-1.03%
1985	1327.99	12.68%
1986	1793.10	35.02%
1987	2277.52	27.02%
1988	2061.47	-9.49%
1989	2510.57	21.79%
1990	2679.46	6.73%
1991	2928.95	9.31%
1992	3284.12	12.13%
1993	3524.85	7.33%
1994	3797.93	7.75%
1995	4494.27	18.33%
1996	5741.95	27.76%
1997	7449.15	29.73%
1998	8638.72	15.97%
1999	10473.50	21.24%
2000	10731.20	2.46%
2001	10208.90	-4.87%
2002	9214.85	-9.74%
2003	9006.64	-2.26%
2004	10315.50	14.53%
2005	10546.70	2.24%
2006	11408.80	8.17%
2007	13178.30	15.51%

For A Change Of -13.93% With A Base Of 100, Use The Following Formulas:


100 * (-.1393 + 1) = 86.07


86.07 / 100 - 1 = -.1393

Dean Kamen Aims To Clean Water, Generate Electricity With Slingshot Machine

SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler Or J1772 In Short

"Type 1" - single phase vehicle coupler - reflecting the SAE J1772/2009 automotive plug specifications



"Type 2" - single and three phase vehicle coupler - reflecting the VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2 plug specifications

"Type 3" - single and three phase vehicle coupler equipped with safety shutters - reflecting the EV Plug Alliance proposal

"Type 4" - fast charge coupler - for special systems such as CHAdeMO

NEMA Connectors

• AeroVironment
• ClipperCreek
• Coulomb Technologies
• EATON
• ECOtality Blink
• GE Wattstation
• GoSmart Technologies
• GRIDbot's "UP"
• Hubbell PEP Stations
• Leviton Evr-green
• EVLink Charging Solutions
• SemaConnect
• Shorepower Technologies
• TucsonEV

She Has An Awfully Lot Of Things To Say

They Are The Jumbled Up Words She Heard While Intruding!

Ventilation Building No. 4

Voodoo Preemptive Strike On The Possessed

I Saw Her Put A Thought In My Head, But Her Strike Was Not True!

"Value-Seeking-Missile" Is Not A Real Word

Broad: "Oh, It's Real!"

So What, More Competition!

11,000 Women Running The Boston Marathon.

Eczema.com

Conspiracy Theory

Matthew 25:40: . . . inasmuch as you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me . . .

Matthew 25:45: . . . inasmuch as you didn't do it to one of the least of these, you didn't do it to me . . .

Presentation Systems

Bearing False Witness

Opportunists, Control Whether That Which Is Free, Stays Free!

Disability

From Vigilance To Corporate Intellectual Property Espionage!

McAfee: Corporate Espionage Is The Currency of Cybercrime

They Just Say No!

Don't Waste Your Time On Democracy, It Doesn't Work!

Changing The Facts To Fit The Argument Or Changing The Argument To Fit The Facts?

An Island Between A Man And A Woman, But . . .

Unqualified Fornication Is A Too Far-Sighted Thing To Do!

(See Making A Beautiful Brand New Steinway Grand Piano And Then Hammering A Bent Over Rusty Nail Right Smack Dab In The Center Of It!)

Momentary Lapse Of Reason

"Intellect", Says The Earth, "Is A Ballast On The Ocean That Has No Time To 'Right It's Ship' Or Bring It Back To Elementary Bipedalism".

Indirect Blaming

Blame The Miserable Or Blame The People That Made Them Miserable?
That Is The Question!

Exponential Evil

The Evil In The World Is Perpetuated By Temporary Halos.

Mosaic Art Supply

Mosaic Making

Mosaic Mercantile

Mosaic Art Supply

Measuring Up To Meaning

The Reason Why The First Syllable Represents "Before", The Second Syllable Represents "During", And Third "After" Is Because In Roman Numerals, The First "I" Is Sequentially Placed "Before", "During" Or "After" To Resemble "IV", "V" Or "VI". For Example: "Has Been", "Is" Or "Will Be"

Misplaced Virtue

Getting Your Customer To Infer Upon Your Implication That They Were The Mechanism That Made You Wealthy!

Manufacturing Consent

Having Your Victim Infer Upon Your Implication, Then Sealing The Deal By Saying, "I'll Take That As A Yes!"

Doublespeak

A Component Of Media Propaganda Involving "Deeply Embedded Double Standards In The Reporting Of News".

According To Noam Chomsky, The Media And Public Relations Industry Actively Shape Public Opinion, Working To Present Messages In Line With Their Economic Agenda For The Purposes Of Controlling Of The "Public Mind".

Negative	Positive
Firing Of Many Employees	"Downsizing"
Assassination	"Wet Work"
Destroy	"Take Out"
Stalking	"Paparazzi"
Bombing	"Servicing The Target"
Warplanes	"Force Packages"
Strike	"Difficult Exercise In Labor Relations"
Recession	"Meaningful Downturn In Aggregate Output"

The National Council Of Teachers Of English Doublespeak Award Is An Ironic Tribute To Public Speakers Who Have Perpetuated Language That Is Grossly Deceptive, Evasive, Euphemistic, Confusing, Or Self-Centered.

2011	Cherokee Principal Chief Chad Smith
2010	Dick Armey
2009	Glenn Beck
2008	Term: Aspirational Goal
2007	Alberto Gonzales
2006	President George W. Bush
2005	Philip A. Cooney, Chief Of Staff For The White House Council On Environmental Quality
2004	The Bush Administration
2003	President George W. Bush
2002	The New York State Regents
2001	The Defense Department
2000	The Tobacco Industry
1999	National Rifle Association
1998	Justice Clarence Thomas
1997	President Bill Clinton, Trent Lott, and Newt Gingrich
1996	Joe Klein
1995	Newt Gingrich
1994	Rush Limbaugh
1993	Department of Defense
1992	President George Bush
1991	U.S. Department of Defense
1990	President George Bush
1989	The Exxon Corporation
1988	Secretary of Defense Frank Carlucci, Admiral William Crowe, and Rear Admiral William Fogarty
1987	Lt. Col. Oliver North and Rear Admiral John Poindexter
1986	Officials of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Morton Thiokol, and Rockwell International
1985	The Central Intelligence Agency
1984	U.S. State Department
1983	President Ronald Reagan
1982	Republican National Committee
1981	Alexander Haig, Secretary of State
1980	President-elect Ronald Reagan
1979	The nuclear power industry
1978	Earl Clinton Bolton
1977	The Pentagon and the Energy Research and Development Administration
1976	The State Department
1975	Yasir Arafat, PLO Leader
1974	Colonel David H. E. Opfer, USAF Press Officer in Cambodia

Propaganda techniques

"I'm Walking On Sunshine, Woah, Ain't It Time To Feel Good, Hey!"

Doing The Crime Without Doing The Time.

What A Sick World!

Christians Celebrate Easter By Observing Others Giving Their Lives Gladly!

(See Navy Jet Crashes Into Virginia Beach Apartment Building)

Tours By Locals/Boston-Tours
Boston Your Way
Viator
TravBuddy
Virtual Tourist
Lonely Planet

Kyocera JAX S1300

Digital Strobe Laser Depth-Of-Field Reflection Feedback Sensor

Analog To Digital Photo Process

Adobe Is Very Bandwidthy! (Is That A Word?)

Divisive Coerciveness

Creating Alliances For Or Against.

Lack Of Relevance

The Three Dimensional Human With The One Dimensional Dollar.